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Basic Terminologies in Pharmacovigilance
ByDeepak Rajput April 3, 2025October 22, 2025

Basic Terminologies in Pharmacovigilance Basic Terminologies in Pharmacovigilance: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. Effective pharmacovigilance relies on a well-understood terminology that ensures clarity and accuracy in communication. 1. Basic Terminologies in Pharmacovigilance 1. Pharmacovigilance (PV): Defined by…

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Management of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
ByDeepak Rajput April 3, 2025April 3, 2025

Management of Adverse Drug Reactions Management of Adverse Drug Reactions: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are undesirable effects associated with the use of drugs. They can range from mild to life-threatening and are a significant concern in healthcare due to their impact on patient safety, treatment efficacy, and healthcare costs. Proper management of ADRs is crucial…

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Predictability & Preventability Assessment in Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
ByDeepak Rajput April 3, 2025April 3, 2025

Predictability & Preventability Assessment Predictability & Preventability Assessment: In the evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), predictability and preventability are important concepts that help assess whether a reaction could have been foreseen or avoided. These assessments guide clinicians in reducing the risk of future ADRs and improve patient safety by minimizing preventable drug-related harm. 1….

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Severity and Seriousness Assessment in Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
ByDeepak Rajput April 3, 2025April 3, 2025

Severity and Seriousness Assessment Severity and Seriousness Assessment: Severity and seriousness are two critical but distinct concepts in the evaluation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Both are essential for determining the appropriate response to an ADR, such as continuing or discontinuing treatment, reporting to regulatory authorities, and managing patient outcomes. 1. Severity of Adverse Drug…

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Methods in Causality Assessment
ByDeepak Rajput April 3, 2025April 3, 2025

Introduction: Causality assessment is a critical process in pharmacovigilance aimed at determining whether a specific drug is responsible for an observed adverse drug reaction (ADR). It helps in identifying the strength of the relationship between drug exposure and the adverse event. Causality assessment is complex, as multiple factors like the patient’s condition, co-administered drugs, or…

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Practicals

Estimation of sulphanilamide by colorimetry
ByDeepak Rajput April 2, 2025April 7, 2025

Aim: Estimation of sulphanilamide by colorimetry References Principle Sulphanilamide, a sulfonamide antibacterial drug, forms a colored complex with diazotized reagents, which can be quantified by measuring absorbance at a specific wavelength using a colorimeter or UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The intensity of the color is proportional to the concentration of sulphanilamide in the sample. Reagents required Apparatus…

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Career Options After B.Pharm: Government, Private, and Self-Employment
ByDeepak Rajput April 2, 2025April 2, 2025

Career Options After B.Pharm Career Options After B.Pharm: B.Pharm (बैचलर ऑफ फार्मेसी) करने के बाद करियर की संभावनाएँ बहुत अधिक होती हैं। यह कोर्स छात्रों को फार्मास्युटिकल साइंस, मेडिसिन डेवलपमेंट, ड्रग टेस्टिंग और हेल्थकेयर इंडस्ट्री में काम करने की योग्यता प्रदान करता है। B.Pharm की पढ़ाई पूरी करने के बाद छात्र कई तरह के करियर…

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Practicals

Determination of Absorption Maxima (λmax) and Effect of Solvents on Absorption Maxima of Organic Compounds
ByDeepak Rajput April 2, 2025October 22, 2025

Aim: Determination of Absorption Maxima (λmax) and Effect of Solvents on Absorption Maxima of Organic Compounds References Principle The absorption maxima (λmax) of a compound refer to the wavelength at which it shows maximum absorbance in a given solvent. Different solvents can alter the electronic transitions of a molecule due to polarity, hydrogen bonding, and…

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation etc
ByDeepak Rajput April 2, 2025October 22, 2025

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) is an essential and widely utilized analytical technique that plays a crucial role in determining the concentration of metal elements in various types of samples. It is particularly renowned for its high precision, accuracy, and sensitivity in detecting trace amounts of metals in complex matrices. The technique finds…

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Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES): Principle, Instrumentation etc
ByDeepak Rajput April 2, 2025October 22, 2025

Introduction Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES) is an analytical technique extensively used to determine the concentration of specific metal ions by analyzing the light emitted when these atoms are excited in a flame. This method is particularly effective for detecting alkali and alkaline earth metals due to their strong emission spectra. The technique is widely applied…

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