क्या आप B.Pharm, D.Pharm, M.Pharm या Pharm.D के स्टूडेंट हैं और बेस्ट Free study material की तलाश कर रहे हैं? 🧐 क्या आपको पढ़ाई में मुश्किल हो रही है और आप चाहते हैं कि आपके पास सभी सब्जेक्ट्स के लिए कंप्लीट नोट्स, प्रैक्टिकल्स के लिए गाइड्स और एग्जाम की तैयारी के लिए PYQs (Previous Year […]
General Introduction Guggul is an oleo-gum resin obtained from the bark of Commiphora wightii (also known as Commiphora mukul), a small tree native to India, Pakistan, and parts of Africa. It has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for over 2,000 years, primarily for treating arthritis, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Guggul resin is widely […]
General Introduction Benzoin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of various species of the Styrax genus, primarily Styrax benzoin and Styrax tonkinensis. It is commonly known as gum benzoin or Benjamin gum and has been widely used in traditional medicine, perfumery, and incense-making. Benzoin is not a true alkaloid or a single compound […]
General Introduction Pterocarpus is a genus of trees belonging to the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. The species of this genus are known for their medicinal properties, valuable timber, and resinous extracts. Some well-known species include: Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian Kino Tree) Pterocarpus santalinus (Red Sandalwood) Pterocarpus soyauxii (African Padauk) Pterocarpus indicus (Narra or Burmese Rosewood) These trees […]
General Introduction Catechu, also known as cutch or katha, is a natural extract derived from certain species of the Acacia and Uncaria genera. It is widely used in traditional medicine, food, and industrial applications due to its astringent, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Catechu is classified into two types based on its origin and processing: Composition […]
Fibrinolytics, also known as thrombolytic agents or clot-busting drugs, are a class of drugs that dissolve blood clots by breaking down fibrin, the structural protein of clots. They work by activating plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades fibrin and helps restore normal blood flow. These agents are commonly used in the treatment of conditions such as […]
Anticoagulants are drugs or chemical substances that prevent or reduce blood coagulation, thereby inhibiting the formation of blood clots (thrombi). They are commonly used to treat or prevent conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation or other clotting disorders. Examples include heparin, warfarin, and direct oral […]
Coagulants are agents that promote blood clotting (Procoagulants), aiding in the prevention and control of bleeding. They are also called haemostatics. They may be used locally or systemically. These substances work by accelerating the natural coagulation processes in the body or by providing the necessary components to form a clot. Local haemostatics are called styptics. […]
Hematinics are agents that improve the quality and quantity of red blood cells and are used primarily in the treatment of anemia. Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells, which impairs the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Hematinics can be used to address various types […]
References 1. Guyton, A.C., & Hall, J.E. (2016). Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th ed.). Elsevier. 2. Berne, R.M., & Levy, M.N. (2001). Physiology (5th ed.). Mosby. 3. Evans, H.M., & Norris, H.E. (1917). The effects of drugs on the isolated frog heart. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 12(3), 123-145. 4. Randall, W.C., & Williams, […]
