Definition: Extraction is a process of separating a substance from a mixture or matrix using a solvent. It is commonly used to isolate desired components based on their solubility, chemical properties, or physical characteristics. Classification of Extraction Extraction techniques are classified based on the phase and mechanism of the process: …
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Drying Techniques: Fluidized Bed Dryer and Freeze Drying
Fluidized Bed Dryer (FBD) Principle: The fluidized bed dryer works on the principle of fluidization, where a bed of solid particles is suspended and agitated by an upward flow of hot air or gas, creating a fluid-like state. This maximizes the surface area for heat and mass transfer, leading to …
Membrane Filter and Sintered Glass Filter
Membrane Filter Definition: A membrane filter is a thin, porous material that acts as a barrier, allowing certain substances to pass through while blocking others. It is widely used in laboratories and industries for filtration purposes, especially for sterilizing liquids and air by removing microorganisms or particles. Material Composition: Types …
Filtration : Objective, Application, Equations
Filtration is the process wherein a filter medium separates a heterogeneous mixture of fluid and solid particles. The filter medium allows the passage of fluid but retains the solid particles. The process retains oversized solids in the fluid, but it does not complete the separation, as the filtrate may contaminate …
Triple Roller Mill: Principle, Construction, Working
A triple roller mill is used to mix semisolids while preparing ointments, creams, pill masses, wet mass for making granules, etc. Principle The material experiences a high shear developed by the differential speed and the narrow space between the rollers. Under the influence of this shear, aggregates, and particles get …
Silverson Mixer Homogeniser: Principle, Construction, Working
Silverson emulsifiers mix or homogenize coarse particles in the emulsion and suspension, reducing them to fine particles. Its capacity ranges from 1 ml to 12 lt, and its ability to mix in-line with flow rates is up to 20 lt/min. Principle Silverson emulsifier works on the principle of shearing forces …
Turbine Mixer: Construction, Working, Application
Turbines are mechanical devices that mix different fluids with blades and impellers. Turbines are used for mixing high viscosity liquids because of the greater shear forces produced by them than the propellers. They are used especially for the preparation of emulsion. For preventing vortex formation, baffles are often used. Construction …
Double Cone Blender: Principle, Working, Application, Merits and Demerits
A Double cone blender is a competent and versatile machine used for uniform blending of granules and dry powders. It is made up of stainless steel. It is available in various working capacities ranging from 5 – 500 liters. Principle A double-cone blender produces a homogeneous solid-solid mixture. This equipment …
Mixing: Objectives, Application, Equipments
Mixing is among the most important unit operation processes in many industries. It involves the mixing of solids, liquids, or gases having two or more than two components. Mixing is the process where two or more ingredients are treated so that every particle of any one ingredient lies as near …
Pharmaceutical Sieves and Standards
Pharmaceutical sieves are essential tools in the pharmaceutical industry, used to separate and classify pharmaceutical materials based on particle size. These sieves are crucial in quality control, formulation development, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Here’s a detailed note on pharmaceutical sieves and the standards that govern their use: Pharmaceutical Sieves Pharmaceutical sieves …
