Chapter 7

Mucolytic Agents: Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications

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Mucolytic agents help liquefy or thin mucus in the respiratory tract, making it easier to expel. These agents are commonly used to assist in managing respiratory conditions associated with producing thick and sticky mucus. Classification of Mucolytic Agents Mucolytic agents can be classified based on their primary mechanisms of action: 1. Direct Mucolytics: Direct mucolytics … Read more

Anti-Tussive Agents

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Anti-tussive agents, commonly referred to as cough suppressants, are pharmaceutical substances used to reduce or suppress the cough reflex. Coughing is a protective reflex that helps clear the airways of mucus, irritants, foreign particles, and microbes. However, persistent or non-productive coughing can be distressing and may indicate an underlying pathology, making the use of anti-tussive … Read more

Expectorants: Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications

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Expectorants are medications that facilitate the removal of mucus from the respiratory tract by increasing the volume or hydration of respiratory secretions. They are commonly used to alleviate symptoms associated with respiratory conditions, making coughing more productive and promoting the clearance of phlegm. Classification of Expectorants Expectorants can be classified based on their primary components … Read more

Bronchodilators: Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications

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Bronchodilators are a class of medications that relax and dilate the airways in the respiratory system. They are primarily used to manage various respiratory conditions characterized by bronchoconstriction, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Classification of Bronchodilators Bronchodilators are broadly classified into three main categories based on their mechanisms of action: 1. … Read more