Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics

Introduction Clinical Significance of Protein Binding: Protein binding of drugs refers to the reversible interaction between a drug and proteins in the blood, mainly albumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and lipoproteins. This binding has crucial clinical implications because it directly affects the drug’s pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profile. Only the unbound or free form … Read more

Introduction Protein drug binding refers to the reversible interaction between a drug and plasma proteins or tissue proteins within the body. This interaction plays a significant role in determining the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug. Only the unbound or “free” fraction of the drug is pharmacologically active, able to cross biological membranes, and available … Read more

Introduction to Drug Binding Binding of Drugs to Plasma: Once a drug enters systemic circulation, it does not exist entirely in a free or active form. A significant proportion of it may reversibly bind to proteins present either in the plasma or in various tissues. This binding plays a crucial role in determining the drug’s … Read more

Introduction to Drug Distribution Drug distribution is the process by which a drug is transported from the systemic circulation to various tissues and organs of the body. Once a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, it doesn’t stay confined to the blood plasma; instead, it begins to distribute into different compartments such as interstitial fluid, … Read more

Absorption of Drugs from Non-Per-Oral Absorption of Drugs from Non-Per-Oral: Drug administration via non-per-oral extravascular routes refers to delivering therapeutic agents into the body through alternative pathways that do not involve the gastrointestinal tract or direct vascular access (such as intravenous or intra-arterial routes). These methods are employed to bypass challenges like poor oral bioavailability, … Read more

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug absorption is defined as the process through which a drug molecule travels from the site of administration into the systemic circulation. In the case of orally administered pharmaceuticals, absorption occurs primarily across the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The efficiency, rate, and extent of … Read more

Absorption of drugs in GIT Absorption of drugs in GIT: Absorption is one of the most fundamental and critical phases in the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug. In the context of oral drug administration, absorption refers to the movement of the drug from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into the systemic circulation, where it can exert … Read more