Pellets are small, free-flowing, spherical or semi-spherical solid units typically ranging from 500 to 1500 micrometers in diameter. They are formed from powders or granules of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients and are designed for oral administration. Pellets can be filled into capsules, compressed into tablets, or used for controlled release, immediate release, or … Read more
Packing storage of soft gelatin capsules: Soft gelatin capsules (softgels) are widely used dosage forms for delivering liquid, semi-solid, or paste-like contents. Due to their unique composition—primarily gelatin, plasticizers, and water—these capsules are sensitive to environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and oxygen. Therefore, proper packaging, storage, and rigorous stability testing are critical to ensure … Read more
Soft Gelatin capsules: Quality control testing is essential in the manufacturing of soft gelatin capsules to ensure the product meets pharmacopeial specifications, maintains its integrity throughout its shelf life, and delivers the intended therapeutic effect. Quality control (QC) procedures are divided into two main phases: in-process testing and final product testing. Both phases are critical … Read more
Importance of Base Adsorption: Soft gelatin capsules are widely used in pharmaceutical formulations for encapsulating liquids, semi-solids, and suspensions that are not amenable to hard gelatin capsules. The success of any soft gelatin capsule product depends not only on the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) but also on the careful selection and handling of the excipients, … Read more
Soft gelatin capsules, commonly referred to as soft gels, are a popular pharmaceutical dosage form that encapsulates a liquid or semi-solid substance within a soft, flexible gelatin-based shell. These capsules are widely utilized for the oral administration of a variety of pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements, including fat-soluble vitamins, essential oils, and drugs with poor water … Read more
Biosynthesis & Catabolism of Catecholamine: Adrenergic neurotransmitters are essential for the transmission of signals in the sympathetic nervous system, influencing various physiological processes including heart rate, blood pressure, and stress responses. This note explores the biosynthesis and catabolism of catecholamines, focusing on adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine. Adrenergic Neurotransmitters: Biosynthesis and Catabolism of Catecholamine … Read more
Introduction of Menthol Menthol, a naturally occurring cyclic monoterpene alcohol, is one of the most important phytoconstituents found in various species of the Mentha genus, such as Mentha arvensis and Mentha piperita. This biologically active compound is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and oral hygiene industries due to its characteristic cooling and soothing … Read more
1. Introduction of Carotenoids Carotenoids are a class of naturally occurring pigments found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. They play a crucial role in photosynthesis, providing photoprotection and contributing to plant coloration. In humans, carotenoids act as antioxidants and precursors to essential vitamins, particularly vitamin A. There are over 600 known carotenoids, categorized into … Read more
1. Introduction of Taxus Taxus, commonly known as yew, is a genus of coniferous trees and shrubs belonging to the Taxaceae family. Notable species include Taxus baccata (European yew), Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew), and Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew). Taxus is widely recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly for producing paclitaxel (Taxol), a highly effective chemotherapy … Read more
1. Introduction of Artemisia Artemisia is a large genus of plants belonging to the Asteraceae family, comprising over 500 species distributed worldwide. Notable species include Artemisia annua, Artemisia absinthium, and Artemisia vulgaris. Artemisia has been widely used in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antimalarial properties. Artemisia annua is particularly renowned for its role … Read more
