General Pharmacy

The objectives of this subject are to:
1. Provide knowledge about evolution and development of Pharmacy profession in India
and the growth of the Pharmaceutical Industries over the years.
2. Provide understanding of different types of pharmacopoeias and other official
books in maintaining the standards of medicines.
3. Provide knowledge about the basic pharmaceutical calculations used in
dispensing and compounding.
4. Understand the role of active pharmaceutical ingredients and pharmaceutical excipients
in drug formulations
5. Impart basic knowledge about formulation and preparation of Various solid,
liquid and semisolid dosage forms

GP Unit 3

What are Excipients: Definition and Methods of Preparation
ByDeepak Rajput May 7, 2026May 7, 2026

Excipients are pharmacologically inactive substances that are formulated along with the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a dosage form. Although excipients do not produce therapeutic effects directly, they play a vital role in the formulation, manufacturing, stability, appearance, bioavailability, and patient acceptability of pharmaceutical products. In modern pharmaceutics, excipients are considered essential components of drug…

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GP Unit 3

Eutectic Mixtures: Classification, Advantage, & Disadvantage
ByDeepak Rajput May 7, 2026May 7, 2026

A eutectic mixtures is a combination of two or more solid substances that, when mixed together in a particular proportion, liquefy or melt at a temperature lower than the melting point of either individual component. In pharmaceutical compounding, eutectic formation is an important phenomenon because it may affect the stability, appearance, and handling properties of…

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Hygroscopic Powders: Classification, Advantage, & Disadvantage
ByDeepak Rajput May 7, 2026May 7, 2026

Hygroscopic powders are pharmaceutical substances that have the ability to absorb moisture from the atmosphere when exposed to air. This property is known as hygroscopicity. In pharmaceutics, hygroscopic substances are very important because their moisture-absorbing nature can significantly affect the stability, flow properties, appearance, handling, and therapeutic effectiveness of powder formulations. Many pharmaceutical drugs and…

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Efflorescent powders: Classification, Advantage, & Disadvantage
ByDeepak Rajput May 7, 2026May 7, 2026

Efflorescent powders are pharmaceutical powders that contain substances capable of losing water of crystallization when exposed to air or dry environmental conditions. This phenomenon is known as efflorescence. In pharmaceutical science, efflorescence is an important consideration during the preparation, storage, and dispensing of powders because the release of water can affect the stability, appearance, flow…

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Effervescent Powders: Classification, Advantage, & Disadvantage
ByDeepak Rajput May 7, 2026May 7, 2026

Effervescent powders are pharmaceutical preparations that contain a mixture of acids and carbonates or bicarbonates which react rapidly in the presence of water to release carbon dioxide gas. This liberation of carbon dioxide produces effervescence, resulting in a sparkling solution that improves the palatability and administration of medications. Effervescent powders are widely used for oral…

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GP Unit 3

Dusting Powders: Classification, Advantages, and Disadvantages
ByDeepak Rajput May 7, 2026May 7, 2026

Dusting powders are finely divided medicinal or non-medicinal powders intended for external application to the skin. They are one of the most commonly used topical pharmaceutical preparations and are designed to protect the skin, reduce friction, absorb moisture, and deliver therapeutic agents locally. Dusting powders are widely used in dermatology, wound care, cosmetic preparations, and…

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GP Unit 3

Powders: Classification, Advantages, and Disadvantages
ByDeepak Rajput May 7, 2026May 7, 2026

Powders play a significant role in pharmaceutical formulation because they can be administered directly, filled into capsules, compressed into tablets, or reconstituted into liquids before use. Due to their versatility, powders are used in hospitals, community pharmacies, and industrial pharmaceutical manufacturing. They are especially useful when rapid drug action is required, as finely divided particles…

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GP Unit 2 | Home

Introduction to Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Excipients
ByDeepak Rajput April 30, 2026April 30, 2026

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: A pharmaceutical product is not just a drug—it is a carefully engineered system designed to deliver a therapeutic effect safely and effectively. Every dosage form, whether a tablet, capsule, injection, or cream, is composed of two fundamental components: This distinction is central to pharmaceutics because the success of a drug therapy depends…

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What are Dosage Forms: Routes of Administration & Classification
ByDeepak Rajput April 30, 2026April 30, 2026

What are Dosage Form: In pharmaceutical sciences, drugs are rarely administered in their pure chemical form. Instead, they are formulated into dosage forms, which are designed to ensure safe, effective, and convenient delivery of the drug to the body. The concept of dosage forms is central to pharmaceutics because it directly influences drug stability, bioavailability,…

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GP Unit 2

Posology: Definition and Dose Calculation Based on Age, Weight
ByDeepak Rajput April 30, 2026April 30, 2026

Posology is a vital branch of pharmacology that deals with the determination of appropriate drug dosage required to produce the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity. The concept is central to clinical practice because the same drug cannot be administered in identical doses to all individuals. Variability in physiological and pathological conditions necessitates careful dose…

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