Recording Pulse Oxygen

Aim: Recording Pulse Oxygen (before and after exertion)

Introduction:

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive, quick, and reliable method to determine the percentage of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin in the blood. It is widely used in clinical and emergency settings to monitor a person’s respiratory function. The pulse oximeter provides two key measurements:

1. Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂): Represents the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen.
2. Pulse Rate: The number of heartbeats per minute.

Monitoring these parameters helps in early detection of hypoxia (insufficient oxygen in the blood), which is critical in patients with respiratory or cardiac conditions.

Materials Required:

• Pulse oximeter (finger clip type)
• Clean and warm hands of the subject
• Data recording sheet or digital log

Procedure:

1. Equipment Preparation: Ensure the pulse oximeter is fully functional and clean. Check battery status and calibration if necessary.
2. Selection of Finger: Ask the subject to sit comfortably. Choose a finger—usually the index or middle finger—which is clean, dry, and adequately perfused (warm). Avoid using fingers with nail polish or artificial nails.
3. Sensor Placement: Clip the oximeter onto the chosen finger. Ensure the sensor is aligned properly, with the red light facing the nail bed. The device should fit snugly without being too tight.
4. Allow Stabilization Time: Wait for 10–30 seconds to allow the device to stabilize and display consistent readings, especially if the subject was physically active prior to measurement.
5. Read and Record SpO₂: Note the oxygen saturation level displayed. In a healthy adult, normal SpO₂ levels range from 95% to 100%. Values below 90% may indicate hypoxemia and require clinical evaluation.
6. Record Pulse Rate: Most pulse oximeters also display the heart rate. Record this value, typically 60–100 beats per minute for a resting adult.
7. Data Documentation: Write down both SpO₂ and pulse rate along with the date, time, and subject’s details in a log sheet or report. Regular monitoring helps identify trends.
8. Assess for Hypoxia: If the oxygen level is abnormally low or if symptoms like confusion, cyanosis, or shortness of breath are observed, immediate medical attention should be sought.

Precautions:

• Ensure proper sensor placement and minimal movement during measurement.
• Avoid measuring in cold extremities or poor circulation, which can give inaccurate results.
• Clean the device after each use to maintain hygiene.

Sample Data Table: Pulse Oximetry Readings

Subject No.	Name/ID	SpO₂ (%)	Pulse Rate (bpm)	Date	Time	Remarks
1	Subject A	98	76	20-06-2025	10:00 AM	Normal
2	Subject B	95	88	20-06-2025	10:05 AM	Normal
3	Subject C	92	102	20-06-2025	10:10 AM	Slightly low SpO₂
4	Subject D	89	110	20-06-2025	10:15 AM	Possible hypoxia – needs review
5	Subject E	97	72	20-06-2025	10:20 AM	Normal
6	Subject F	94	98	20-06-2025	10:25 AM

Interpretation Guidelines:

SpO₂ ≥ 95%: Normal oxygenation

SpO₂ 90–94%: Mild desaturation – monitor

SpO₂ < 90%: Hypoxemia – clinical intervention may be required

Pulse Rate 60–100 bpm: Normal for adults at rest

>100 bpm (tachycardia) or <60 bpm (bradycardia): Evaluate based on clinical context