Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic infestation of the skin caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. It is characterized by intense itching and skin rash, primarily affecting areas with thin skin, such as the interdigital spaces of the fingers, wrists, elbows, axillae, waistline, buttocks, and genitalia. Scabies infestation occurs worldwide and can affect…
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by well-defined, red, scaly plaques. It is a systemic disease with potential involvement of multiple organ systems, primarily affecting the skin and joints. Psoriasis is considered an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, leading to rapid turnover of skin cells…
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of chronic joint pain and disability. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage within synovial joints, along with changes in the underlying bone and surrounding soft tissues. OA primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, spine, and…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting the joints. It is characterized by inflammation of the synovial lining of diarthrodial joints, leading to cartilage and bone damage. RA typically affects multiple joints symmetrically and can result in significant disability and systemic complications. Etiopathogenesis The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not fully…
DMLT कोर्स: मेडिकल लैबोरेटरी टेक्नोलॉजी में डिप्लोमा (DMLT) एक 2-वर्षीय डिप्लोमा कोर्स है जो छात्रों को मेडिकल लैबोरेटरी विज्ञान और उनकी तकनीकों में प्रशिक्षित करता है। DMLT कोर्स में, छात्र पैथोलॉजी, ब्लड बैंकिंग, माइक्रोबायोलॉजी, क्लिनिकल बायोकैमिस्ट्री, और हीमेटोलॉजी जैसे विभिन्न विषयों को कवर करते हैं। इस कोर्स में, छात्र प्रयोगशाला उपकरणों का उपयोग करना सीखते…
Resins are a diverse group of solid or semi-solid organic substances derived from plant secretions, primarily from the exudates of trees and shrubs. They are typically insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, and acetone. Resins are known for their use in varnishes, adhesives, and as raw materials for various…
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are complex mixtures of volatile, aromatic compounds derived from plants. These oils evaporate readily at room temperature and are responsible for the fragrance and flavor of many plants. They are typically extracted by distillation, expression, or solvent extraction. Classification of Volatile Oils Volatile oils can be classified based…
Tannins are a group of complex polyphenolic compounds found in many plants. They have the ability to form strong complexes with proteins, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and other macromolecules. Tannins are known for their astringent taste and their ability to precipitate proteins, which is why they are often used in tanning leather and in the clarification of…
Flavonoids are a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found in plants, characterized by a common structure consisting of two aromatic rings (A and B) joined by a three-carbon bridge that usually forms a closed pyran ring (C). They are widely recognized for their beneficial effects on health due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties….
Glycosides are a group of organic compounds that yield one or more sugars upon hydrolysis. Structurally, a glycoside is composed of a sugar part, known as the glycone, and a non-sugar part, referred to as the aglycone or genin. These two parts are linked through a glycosidic bond, which typically involves the anomeric carbon of…
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