Beer and Lambert’s Law
Beer and Lambert’s Law is a fundamental principle in spectroscopy that relates the absorption of light by a medium to its concentration and path length. It is widely used in…
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Solvent Effect on Absorption Spectra
The absorption spectrum of a molecule represents how it absorbs light across various wavelengths. The environment of a molecule, particularly the solvent it is dissolved in, plays a crucial role…
Spectral Shifts: Definition, Types, Factors, and Applications
Spectral shifts refer to changes in the position of the absorption or emission peaks of a molecule in a spectrum, often resulting from changes in the molecule's environment, structure, or…
Auxochromes: Definition, Characteristics, Types, and Applications
An auxochrome is a functional group that does not itself absorb light in the visible spectrum but, when attached to a chromophore, modifies the chromophore’s ability to absorb light. It…
Chromophores: Definition, Characteristics, Types, and Applications
A chromophore is a part of a molecule responsible for its color by absorbing light in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, or infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It contains…
Electronic Transitions
Electronic transitions are the movements of electrons between energy levels (orbitals) in a molecule or atom when they absorb or emit energy, such as photons of light. These transitions form…
UV-Visible Spectroscopy: Introduction, Principle, Components, Applications
Introduction UV-Visible spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the absorption or reflectance of ultraviolet (UV) and visible light (200–800 nm) by a substance. It is widely used for quantitative…
Electrophoresis: Introduction and methodology
Introduction: Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical technique used to separate charged molecules, such as proteins, DNA, and RNA, based on their size, shape, and charge under the influence of an…
Paper Chromatography
Introduction Paper chromatography is a simple and effective analytical technique used to separate and identify mixtures of substances. This method is classified under partition chromatography, where separation occurs based on…
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a widely used analytical technique that separates and identifies compounds in a mixture. It is based on the differences in the migration rate of compounds…
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