Pediatric dose calculations based on body surface area (BSA) are particularly important for medications with a narrow therapeutic index or when dealing with older children and adolescents. Here are formulas and examples: Body Surface Area (BSA) Dosing: Formula (Mosteller): Example: Calculation: If a child has a height of 120 cm and a weight of 22 … Read more
Pediatric dose calculations based on body weight are crucial for ensuring accurate and safe medication administration. Here are formulas and examples: Weight-Based Dosing 1. Formula Dose= Weight × Dose per kg 2. Examples Infants (0–1 year): If a healthcare provider prescribes an antibiotic at 20 mg/kg for an infant weighing 7 kg, the calculation is: … Read more
Pediatric dose calculations are a critical aspect of healthcare, requiring precision and consideration of age-related factors to ensure the safety and efficacy of medications administered to children. While age alone is not the sole determinant of pediatric dosing, it is a fundamental parameter in dosage calculations. Let’s delve into the considerations and methodologies involved in … Read more
Introduction to Posology Posology is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the determination of appropriate dosages of medications for individuals. It involves understanding how different factors influence the administration of drugs to achieve optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. Factors Affecting Posology 1. Patient Characteristics – Age: Dosages often … Read more
1. Abbreviation Prescribers often use abbreviated terms in most prescriptions, leading to significant errors during interpretation by pharmacists. For example, ‘SSKI’ abbreviates ‘Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide.’ It is preferable to avoid these types of misleading abbreviations. 2. Name of the drugs Names of some drugs (especially the brand names) either look or sound alike. … Read more
The pharmacist should adopt the following procedures while handling the prescription for compounding and dispensing: (i) Receiving (ii) Reading and checking (iii) Collecting and weighing the materials (iv) Compounding, labeling and packaging (i) Receiving • The pharmacist should receive the prescription personally. • While receiving a prescription from a patient, a pharmacist should maintain a … Read more
A prescription is an order written by a physician, dentist, veterinarian, or any other registered medical practitioner to a pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific medication for the patient. Essential features of a prescription • Directions are given to the pharmacist about what type of preparation (tablet, powder, mixture, etc.) is to be prepared. … Read more
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a dosage form as follows: “A pharmaceutical product, in the form in which it is presented for use, containing one or more active ingredients usually mixed with excipients.” In pharmaceuticals, a unique way to make medicine for patients is a dosage form. It aims to ensure that patients take … Read more
An Extra Pharmacopoeia (EP) is a supplementary reference source or compilation of drug standards, formulas, and information that complements the official pharmacopoeias, such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP), or other national and international pharmacopoeias. Here is a detailed overview of the concept and role of an Extra Pharmacopoeia: 1. Complementing Official … Read more
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) is a renowned compendium that establishes quality standards and guidelines for the identity, purity, strength, and quality of drugs, pharmaceuticals, and healthcare products in and globally. Here is a detailed overview of the USP: 1. Historical Background: The USP has a long history, dating to its first publication in 1820. … Read more
