Pharmacology-1

“Pharmacology-I covers the basic principles of drug action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the autonomic nervous system, forming the foundation of therapeutic science in pharmacy.”

Parasympatholytics or anticholinergics or parasympathetic blockers

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Parasympatholytics, also known as anticholinergics or parasympathetic blockers, are a class of drugs that antagonize the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) at muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system. These drugs inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system’s actions, leading to various physiological effects. Classification of Parasympatholytics Parasympatholytics can be classified based on their chemical structure or their … Read more

Parasympathomimetics/ cholinergic agonists or muscarinic agonists

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Parasympathomimetics, also known as cholinergic agonists or muscarinic agonists, are drugs that mimic the action of the parasympathetic nervous system by stimulating the cholinergic receptors. These receptors are predominantly found in various organs and tissues throughout the body, including the heart, smooth muscles, exocrine glands, and central nervous system. Classification of Parasympathomimetics Parasympathomimetics can be … Read more

Neurohumoral transmission, co-transmission, and classification of neurotransmitters

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Neurohumoral transmission, co-transmission, and the classification of neurotransmitters are fundamental concepts in neurobiology that explain how neurons communicate with each other and target cells in various body systems. Let’s delve into each of these topics in detail: Neurohumoral Transmission Neurohumoral transmission refers to the process by which neurons communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands … Read more

Autonomic Nervous System: Organization and function

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Autonomic Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a special part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body. Involuntary means that these functions happen automatically, without our conscious effort. Examples include heartbeat, digestion, breathing, sweating, urination, and pupil size changes. The ANS plays an essential role in maintaining a … Read more