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Introduction to Autacoids The word autacoid originates from the Greek words “autos” (self) and “akos” (remedy or healing). Literally, autacoids mean “self-remedy” or “self-healing” substances. In pharmacology, autacoids are defined as biologically active chemical substances produced by the body that exert local effects, generally close to the site of their synthesis, and are subsequently metabolized … Read more
1. Introduction Parenteral products are sterile preparations intended for administration by injection, infusion, or implantation into the human or animal body. Unlike oral formulations, they bypass the gastrointestinal tract and enter directly into the systemic circulation or localized tissues. Because of this, sterility, pyrogen-free status, particulate-free nature, isotonicity, and safety are critical quality attributes. Parenterals … Read more
Parenteral products are sterile pharmaceutical preparations intended for administration by injection, infusion, or implantation into the body. These products bypass the gastrointestinal tract, making them essential for patients who cannot take medications orally due to various medical conditions. The term “parenteral” is derived from the Greek words para (beside) and enteron (intestine), meaning that the … Read more
📅 Date: 29th – 30th September 2025 📍 Venue: F2 Auditorium, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India About the Conference The pharmaceutical industry is currently witnessing a paradigm shift driven by technological innovation, artificial intelligence (AI), nano-engineering, and genomics. To explore these exciting frontiers, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), with the … Read more
Greetings from Artemis Hospitals! Artemis Hospitals, Gurgaon, a flagship healthcare institution renowned for its excellence in patient care and advanced medical practices, is expanding its team of highly skilled professionals. We invite passionate, committed, and qualified nursing professionals to join us in our mission of delivering world-class healthcare with compassion, precision, and integrity. At Artemis, … Read more
Chemical degradation of penicillins involves various reactions that can occur under different conditions, leading to the loss of their pharmacological activity. 1. Acid Hydrolysis: Mechanism: Penicillins are susceptible to acid hydrolysis, where the β-lactam ring is opened, leading to inactive degradation products. Conditions: Acid hydrolysis occurs in acidic environments, such as the stomach or acidic … Read more
Penicillin, the most important antibiotic, was first extracted from the mould Penicillium notatum. Subsequently, a mutant of a related mould, P. chrysogenum, was found to give the highest yield of penicillin and is employed for the commercial production of this antibiotic. Penicillin belongs to a group of antibiotics called β-lactam antibiotics. The basic structure of … Read more
Beta-lactam antibiotics are a class of antibiotics characterized by the presence of a beta-lactam ring in their molecular structure. This ring is crucial for its antibacterial activity as it interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. Beta-lactam antibiotics are generally well-tolerated but can cause allergic reactions in some … Read more
INTRODUCTION Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial agents, are medications that destroy or slow down the growth of other species of microorganisms. They include a range of powerful drugs used to treat diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc. Or The term antibiotic originates in the word antibiosis (i.e. against life). Antibiotics are chemical substances obtained … Read more
