Anatomy and physiology of cerebrum, cerebellum, mid-brain

The cerebrum, cerebellum, and midbrain are three crucial components of the brain, each with distinct anatomical and physiological characteristics. Cerebrum 1. Anatomy: The cerebrum is the brain’s largest and most prominent part, occupying the uppermost portion.Two hemispheres, the left and right cerebral hemispheres, divide it, and a bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum … Read more

Nervous system: Definition, Classification and Functions

Nervous System The nervous system is a highly intricate and dynamic network that governs every aspect of bodily function, coordination, and response. At the very foundation of this complex system lies the neuron, a highly specialized and excitable cell that serves as the fundamental structural and functional unit of neural communication. Neurons facilitate the transmission … Read more

Physiology of Muscle Contraction

Muscle contraction is a complex physiological process involving the interaction of various cellular and molecular components. Understanding the detailed steps in muscle contraction helps elucidate how muscles generate force and movement. 1. Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) Nerve Stimulation: Muscle contraction begins with a nerve impulse (action potential) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The nerve releases acetylcholine … Read more

Histology of Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscles, also known as voluntary muscles or striated muscles, are a type of muscle tissue that is attached to bones by tendons and is under conscious control. These muscles are responsible for various voluntary movements of the body, including walking, running, grasping objects, and facial expressions. 1. Muscle Tissue Types: Skeletal Muscle Tissue: Skeletal … Read more

Chemo-Taxonomical Classification of Drugs

A chemo-taxonomical classification is an approach to categorizing drugs based on their chemical constituents, specifically focusing on the natural compounds found in various plant, animal, and microbial sources. This system helps understand drugs’ botanical and biological origins and how their chemical properties relate to their therapeutic effects. Here’s a note on the chemo-taxonomical classification of … Read more

Definition of pharmacognosy

Pharmacognosy is the branch of pharmacology and biology that studies natural products, particularly plant-based substances, and their various uses in medicine and healthcare. It involves identifying, isolating, characterizing, and evaluating natural compounds derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and other natural sources for their potential pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Pharmacognosy encompasses a wide range of activities, … Read more

Role of  Community Pharmacists

Community pharmacists play a vital role in the healthcare system and have a range of professional responsibilities to ensure the safe and effective use of medications, promote health and wellness, and provide quality patient care. Here’s a detailed note on the professional responsibilities of community pharmacists: 1. Medication Dispensing Accurate Dispensing: Community pharmacists are responsible … Read more

Community pharmacy practice in both international and Indian scenarios

Community pharmacy practice in international and Indian scenarios is crucial in delivering healthcare services to the general public. Here’s a detailed overview of the international and Indian contexts in community pharmacy practice: International Scenario of Community pharmacy 1. Scope of Services: Community pharmacies have evolved beyond medication dispensing in many developed countries. They offer a … Read more

Community Pharmacy

Community pharmacies are often considered the front lines of healthcare in many communities. These accessible and vital healthcare establishments play a crucial role in delivering healthcare services, ensuring medication safety, and promoting wellness. In this blog, we will explore the world of community pharmacy, its role, services, and the evolving landscape in healthcare. The Heart … Read more

Size reduction

Size reduction, in the context of pharmaceuticals, refers to the process of reducing the particle size of pharmaceutical materials, which may include active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), excipients, or other powders. The objective of size reduction in the pharmaceutical industry is to achieve specific particle size characteristics for various purposes, such as drug formulation, manufacturing, and … Read more