While the kidneys are the primary organ for drug elimination, a significant number of drugs and their metabolites are eliminated through non-renal routes. Non-renal excretion pathways are especially important for drugs that are highly protein-bound, lipophilic, or poorly water-soluble, and for patients with renal impairment, where renal clearance is compromised. Non-renal excretion involves multiple organs … Read more
Factors Affecting Renal Excretion of Drugs Renal excretion represents one of the most crucial pathways through which the body eliminates drugs and their metabolites. The efficiency of this system is influenced by a variety of physiological, biochemical, and physicochemical factors. The kidneys employ three synchronized mechanisms—glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption—to determine the rate … Read more
Drug elimination is an essential physiological phenomenon that dictates not only how long a drug remains within the body but also profoundly influences its therapeutic efficiency, safety profile, dosage design, and overall clinical fate. The human body, being a highly evolved biochemical system, possesses intricate defense mechanisms to handle the continuous influx of xenobiotics, including … Read more
