Immunoglobulins (Antibodies) and Their Structure

Introduction to Immunoglobulins Immunoglobulins (Ig), commonly known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by B-lymphocytes (B-cells) and plasma cells in response to the presence of antigens. They are essential components of the adaptive immune system, functioning as the humoral arm of immunity. Immunoglobulins are crucial for recognition, neutralization, and elimination of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, … Read more

Immunity: Humoral and Cellular Immunity

Introduction to Immunity The term immunity is derived from the Latin word immunitas, meaning “freedom from” or “exemption.” In biological terms, immunity refers to the ability of a living organism to resist or eliminate invading infectious agents, foreign particles, and harmful substances. It is a complex, highly organized defense system involving a network of specialized … Read more