Explore Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry with clear, exam-oriented notes covering limit tests, electrolytes, essential inorganic pharmaceuticals, assays, principles, and applications in pharmacy education and practice.
A pharmaceutical preparation containing magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)₂] as its primary active ingredient is the magnesium hydroxide mixture. Commonly used for medicinal purposes, this mixture is available in liquid or suspension form. Its primary association is with the antacid and laxative effects of magnesium hydroxide, an inorganic compound with basic properties. As an antacid, magnesium hydroxide … Read more
Aluminum hydroxide gel is a pharmaceutical preparation that contains aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)₃] as its active ingredient. It is commonly used as an antacid to alleviate symptoms associated with excessive stomach acid, such as indigestion, heartburn, and acid reflux. The gel form allows for easy administration, and when ingested, aluminum hydroxide neutralizes excess gastric acid, providing … Read more
Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a white crystalline powder with the chemical formula NaHCO₃. Comprising sodium ions and bicarbonate ions, sodium bicarbonate is a salt widely utilized for various purposes. It serves as a leavening agent in baking, neutralizes stomach acid as an antacid, functions as a household cleaning agent, and finds … Read more
Combinations of antacids refer to formulations that contain two or more different types of antacid agents. Designers formulate these combinations to leverage the strengths of each component, offering a more comprehensive relief of acid-related symptoms. Common combinations include: 1. Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Healthcare providers frequently use this combination to balance the constipating effect … Read more
An antacid is a substance that neutralizes excess stomach acid, providing relief from conditions such as indigestion, heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Antacids work by raising the pH of the stomach contents, reducing the acidity and alleviating symptoms associated with hyperacidity. These substances typically contain basic compounds such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium … Read more
1. General Methods of Preparation Dilute Hydrochloric Acid can be prepared by diluting concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) with water. The concentration of the resulting solution depends on the ratio of acid to water. Typically, laboratory-grade dilute hydrochloric acid has a concentration of around 3–10%. 2. Properties of HCL Chemical Formula: HCl Physical Appearance: Colorless liquid … Read more
Acidifiers are substances or compounds that can increase the acidity of a solution or a substance. Various industries, including food and agriculture, commonly use acidifiers to adjust the pH levels of products. In the food industry, acidifiers are added to enhance flavor, act as preservatives, and provide a desirable acidic taste. In agriculture, they play … Read more
Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement is a widely used dental material known for its versatility and ease of use. It is a dental cement composed of zinc oxide powder and eugenol liquid. Here are key points about Zinc oxide eugenol cement: 1. Composition Zinc Oxide (Powder): The powder component of ZOE cement is typically zinc … Read more
Fluoride plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, commonly known as cavities or tooth decay. Dental caries result from the demineralization of tooth enamel caused by acids produced by bacteria in the presence of sugars. Fluoride aids in dental health by influencing the demineralization and remineralization processes of tooth enamel. … Read more
Dentifrices, commonly known as toothpaste, are oral hygiene products designed to help maintain oral health by cleaning teeth, preventing tooth decay, and promoting overall dental hygiene. These products typically come in a paste, gel, or powder and are used with a toothbrush to clean teeth and gums. Here’s a detailed note on dentifrices: 1. Composition … Read more
