DeepakRajput

Preparation of Calcium Gluconate Injection

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Aim: Preparation of Calcium Gluconate Injection Objective The primary objective of this experiment is to prepare a sterile, parenteral formulation of calcium gluconate, a biologically active calcium salt, suitable for intravenous administration. The experiment also aims to demonstrate accurate solution preparation, pH adjustment, sterilization techniques, and adherence to pharmaceutical quality control standards. Introduction Calcium gluconate … Read more

Coronary Artery Disease

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Screenshot 2025 10 26 151920 Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the blood flow through the coronary arteries—responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle—is reduced. This restriction is mainly caused by plaque buildup, which consists of cholesterol and other substances that narrow these arteries. The most common symptom of CAD is chest pain (angina). If left untreated, CAD … Read more

Microparticles: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

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Screenshot 2025 10 21 122301 Microparticles: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Definition of Microparticles Microparticles are small, solid particles typically ranging from 1 to 1000 microns in diameter. These particles can be composed of a variety of materials such as polymers, lipids, proteins, or ceramics. Microparticles are often used in drug delivery systems, biomedical applications, and other industrial purposes. The core function of microparticles is to … Read more

Microcapsules: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

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Screenshot 2025 10 21 120437 Microcapsules: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Definition of Microcapsules Microcapsules are small, spherical particles that consist of a core material (typically an active ingredient like a drug, nutrient, or bioactive compound) surrounded by a protective shell or coating. The core material can be liquid, solid, or gas, and the shell is typically made from biocompatible materials, such as polymers, lipids, or … Read more

Microspheres: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

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Screenshot 2025 10 21 114458 Microspheres: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Definition of Microspheres Microspheres are small, spherical particles typically ranging from 1 to 1000 microns in size. They are commonly used in drug delivery systems, diagnostics, and other pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Microspheres are made from various materials, including polymers, lipids, and ceramics. These particles can encapsulate active ingredients such as drugs, enzymes, or other … Read more

Microencapsulation: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

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Microencapsulation

Microencapsulation is a process where active substances (such as drugs, nutrients, or bioactive compounds) are enclosed within a protective coating or shell, typically in the micron or sub-micron size range (1 to 1000 microns). The primary goal is to protect the active ingredient from environmental factors (e.g., light, moisture, air) or to control the release … Read more

Drug Distribution System in a Hospital

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Screenshot 2025 10 21 094039 Drug Distribution System in a Hospital

1. Introduction A drug distribution system in a hospital is the organized process by which medications are procured, stored, prepared, and delivered to patients with the primary aim of ensuring rational, safe, and timely drug therapy. This system plays a central role in the hospital’s therapeutic and administrative activities. The hospital pharmacy serves as the … Read more

ISO 14000: Overview, Benefits, Elements, and Steps

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Screenshot 2025 10 21 090152 ISO 14000: Overview, Benefits, Elements, and Steps

ISO 14000: Environmental Management Systems Overview of ISO 14000 The ISO 14000 series is a set of international standards and guidelines developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), specifically focused on environmental management systems (EMS). These standards provide a structured framework for organizations to systematically manage and improve their environmental performance. The primary aim … Read more

ISO 9000: Overview, Benefits, Elements, steps for registration

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Screenshot 2025 10 18 154455 1 ISO 9000: Overview, Benefits, Elements, steps for registration

ISO 9000 is a series of internationally recognized standards that have been developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to guide organizations in establishing and maintaining effective quality management systems (QMS). These standards are based on universally accepted principles of quality assurance and management. The ISO 9000 family aims to help organizations … Read more

Quality by Design (QbD) in Pharmaceutical Development

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Screenshot 2025 10 20 100943 Quality by Design (QbD) in Pharmaceutical Development

Definition Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management. According to the ICH Q8 guideline: “QbD is a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product … Read more