Menstruation, also known as the menstrual cycle or menses, is a complex physiological process that occurs in females of reproductive age. It involves the cyclical shedding of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) and is regulated by intricate interactions between hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus. Understanding the physiology of menstruation … Read more
Male and Female Sex hormones, also known as gonadal steroids, are critical in regulating various physiological processes related to growth, development, reproduction, and general well-being. They are primarily produced by the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males) and, to a lesser extent, by the adrenal glands. The primary sex hormones are estrogen, progesterone, … Read more
The endocrine system represents an intricate and highly coordinated network of specialized glands that release chemical messengers known as hormones. These hormones play a pivotal role in orchestrating a wide array of vital physiological functions such as metabolism, growth and development, reproductive processes, and the maintenance of internal balance, or homeostasis. Unlike the rapid signaling … Read more
Estrogen is a group of steroid hormones primarily produced by the ovaries in females. It plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system, influencing processes such as the menstrual cycle, secondary sexual characteristics, and pregnancy. The three main types of estrogen are estradiol, estriol, and estrone, with estradiol being … Read more
Women of reproductive age (beginning anywhere from 11 to 16 years of age) experience cycles of hormonal activity that repeat at about one-month intervals. With every cycle, your body prepares for a potential pregnancy, whether or not that’s your intention. Menstruation refers to the periodic shedding of your uterine lining when pregnancy doesn’t occur during … Read more
The gonads are specialized reproductive organs that serve as the cornerstone of the human reproductive system. They play a pivotal role in both the production of gametes—the reproductive cells necessary for sexual reproduction—and the secretion of sex hormones, which regulate sexual development, secondary sexual characteristics, and reproductive functions. In males, the gonads are known as … Read more
