Anti-tubercular drugs are medications used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These drugs work by inhibiting the growth and replication of the bacteria, thus helping to eliminate the infection from the body. Treatment typically involves a combination of several anti-tubercular drugs to prevent the development of drug resistance. … Read more
Sulphonamides, also known as sulfonamides, are a class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of folate, a vital nutrient for the bacteria. They work by competitively inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is involved in the bacterial synthesis of folate. Without folate, bacteria are unable to … Read more
Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that belong to the class of polyketides. They are derived from Streptomyces bacteria and are characterized by a four-ring structure. Tetracyclines exert their antibacterial effects by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. Classification … Read more
Ebola Virus Disease Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe and often fatal illness caused by infection with Ebola viruses. It is characterized by fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, and in some cases, internal and external bleeding. Causative Agent Ebola virus belongs to the family … Read more
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. TB can present as either active disease or latent infection, where the bacteria remain dormant in the body without causing symptoms. … Read more
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) refer to a broad category of infections affecting the respiratory tract, including the nose, throat, sinuses, and lungs. These infections can range from mild, self-limiting illnesses such as the common cold to severe conditions such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Causative Agents of Acute Respiratory Infections Numerous pathogens … Read more
Meningococcal meningitis is a severe bacterial infection of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus. Meningococcal meningitis can lead to serious complications, including brain damage, hearing loss, and death, if not promptly treated. Causative Agents of Meningococcal Meningitis The … Read more
Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing fits followed by a distinctive “whooping” sound as the individual gasps for air. Causative Agents of Whooping Cough The primary causative agent of whooping cough is Bordetella pertussis, a Gram-negative bacterium. … Read more
Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose, causing a characteristic thick grayish membrane to form in the throat, which can obstruct the airway and lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. Causative Agents of Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the … Read more
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can range from mild to severe and can lead to complications, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and individuals with underlying health conditions. Causative Agents of Influenza Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae … Read more
