D.Pharma

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

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Screenshot 2024 11 01 133214 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The outbreak of SARS in 2002-2003 marked a significant global public health crisis. SARS is characterized by severe respiratory symptoms and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and, in some cases, death. Etiopathogenesis: 1. Viral Transmission: SARS-CoV … Read more

Eczema: Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

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Screenshot 2024 06 02 163931 Eczema: Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis (AD), is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, red, and dry skin. It commonly begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood, with periods of exacerbation and remission. Eczema is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Etiopathogenesis of Eczema The etiopathogenesis of eczema … Read more

Scabies: Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

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Screenshot 2024 06 02 163107 Scabies: Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic infestation of the skin caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. It is characterized by intense itching and skin rash, primarily affecting areas with thin skin, such as the interdigital spaces of the fingers, wrists, elbows, axillae, waistline, buttocks, and genitalia. Scabies infestation occurs worldwide and can affect … Read more

Psoriasis: Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

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Screenshot 2024 06 02 162719 Psoriasis: Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by well-defined, red, scaly plaques. It is a systemic disease with potential involvement of multiple organ systems, primarily affecting the skin and joints. Psoriasis is considered an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, leading to rapid turnover of skin cells … Read more

Osteoarthritis (OA): Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

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Screenshot 2024 06 02 161146 Osteoarthritis (OA): Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of chronic joint pain and disability. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage within synovial joints, along with changes in the underlying bone and surrounding soft tissues. OA primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, spine, and … Read more

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

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Screenshot 2024 06 02 160823 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting the joints. It is characterized by inflammation of the synovial lining of diarthrodial joints, leading to cartilage and bone damage. RA typically affects multiple joints symmetrically and can result in significant disability and systemic complications. Etiopathogenesis The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not fully … Read more

Deficiency Diseases of Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins

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Screenshot 2024 05 05 121546 Deficiency Diseases of Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins

Introduction: Deficiency diseases occur when the body does not receive adequate amounts of essential nutrients, leading to impaired physiological functions and the development of specific health conditions. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (B-complex vitamins and vitamin C) are vital for various metabolic processes, and deficiencies in these vitamins can result in … Read more

Recommended Dietary Requirements

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Screenshot 2024 05 05 120154 Recommended Dietary Requirements

Introduction: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are guidelines established by health organizations to provide individuals with science-based recommendations for nutrient intake to maintain health and prevent deficiencies. These recommendations vary based on factors such as age, gender, life stage, and physiological conditions. This detailed note aims to provide an in-depth overview … Read more

Comprehensive Overview of Vitamins: Sources, Chemical Nature, Functions, and Coenzyme Roles

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Screenshot 2024 05 05 111524 Comprehensive Overview of Vitamins: Sources, Chemical Nature, Functions, and Coenzyme Roles

Introduction: Vitamins are essential organic compounds that play pivotal roles in various biochemical processes within the body. They are crucial for maintaining overall health, supporting growth, metabolism, and physiological functions. This detailed note aims to provide an extensive overview of vitamins, including their sources, chemical nature, functions, and roles as coenzymes in enzymatic reactions. Sources … Read more

Vitamins: Definition, Classification, and Examples

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Screenshot 2024 05 05 110811 Vitamins: Definition, Classification, and Examples

Introduction: Vitamins are essential organic compounds that play crucial roles in various physiological processes within the body. They are required in small amounts but are vital for maintaining overall health, growth, development, and metabolism. Understanding the classification and functions of vitamins is essential for ensuring a balanced and nutritious diet. This detailed note aims to … Read more