Aim: Effect of Saline Purgative on Frog Intestine 1. Objective To study the effect of a saline purgative (e.g., magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate) on the movements (motility and tone) of the isolated frog intestine preparation, and to understand its mechanism of action as a purgative agent. 2. Principle Saline purgatives are osmotic agents that … Read more
Aim: Anti-inflammatory Activity of Drugs Using Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Model References: Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a drug using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. Materials Required: 1. Adult albino rats (150-200 g) 2. Carrageenan solution (1% in saline) 3. Anti-inflammatory drug (e.g., Indomethacin, Diclofenac) 4. Normal saline 5. Micrometer screw gauge … Read more
Aim: Quality control test of (as per IP) marketed tablets and capsules. 1. Objective To evaluate the quality, uniformity, and performance of marketed tablets and capsules using standard Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) methods, ensuring compliance with pharmaceutical standards. 2. Introduction Marketed tablets and capsules must meet stringent quality standards to ensure efficacy, safety, and stability. Quality … Read more
Aim: Preparation of Ascorbic Acid Injection Objective The aim of this experiment is to prepare a sterile aqueous solution of ascorbic acid suitable for parenteral administration, ensuring the correct concentration, pH, and sterility, and adhering to pharmaceutical quality standards. Introduction Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. It plays a … Read more
Aim: Preparation of Calcium Gluconate Injection Objective The primary objective of this experiment is to prepare a sterile, parenteral formulation of calcium gluconate, a biologically active calcium salt, suitable for intravenous administration. The experiment also aims to demonstrate accurate solution preparation, pH adjustment, sterilization techniques, and adherence to pharmaceutical quality control standards. Introduction Calcium gluconate … Read more
Aim: Determination of the alcohol content of Asava and Arista. References Principle Asava and Arista are self-generated alcoholic preparations obtained by the fermentation of herbal decoctions or infusions. The alcohol present is volatile, and when distilled, it passes over with water vapor. The distillate is collected and its specific gravity is determined using a pycnometer … Read more
Aim: To perform preliminary phytochemical screening of crude drugs. References Objective Principle Crude plant materials contain diverse secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Each class of compound reacts with specific reagents to yield characteristic color changes or precipitates, allowing qualitative identification of these phytochemicals. Materials Required Chemicals and Reagents Group … Read more
Aim: Estimation of sulphanilamide by colorimetry References Principle Sulphanilamide, a sulfonamide antibacterial drug, forms a colored complex with diazotized reagents, which can be quantified by measuring absorbance at a specific wavelength using a colorimeter or UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The intensity of the color is proportional to the concentration of sulphanilamide in the sample. Reagents required Apparatus … Read more
Aim: Determination of Absorption Maxima (λmax) and Effect of Solvents on Absorption Maxima of Organic Compounds References Principle The absorption maxima (λmax) of a compound refer to the wavelength at which it shows maximum absorbance in a given solvent. Different solvents can alter the electronic transitions of a molecule due to polarity, hydrogen bonding, and … Read more
Aim: Estimation of serum biochemical parameters using semi-autoanalyzer References 1. Objective To estimate various serum biochemical parameters such as glucose, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and liver function markers using a semi-autoanalyzer. 2. Principle A semi-autoanalyzer is a photometric instrument used to measure biochemical parameters in serum samples. The method relies on specific chemical reactions producing a … Read more
