B.Pharma Archives - Page 2 of 94

Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering

November 5, 2025 by DeepakRajput

Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering in the Production of Interferon, Vaccines (Hepatitis B), and Hormones (Insulin) Introduction Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and genetic engineering have transformed modern medicine by enabling the large-scale production of therapeutic biomolecules that were once rare, costly, or difficult to extract from natural sources. By manipulating genetic material … Read more

Recombinant DNA Technology and Applications

November 5, 2025 by DeepakRajput

1. Introduction Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology represents one of the most transformative advances in modern biological science. It involves the artificial recombination of genetic material from different sources to create new DNA sequences that can be inserted into host organisms for expression. This process allows scientists to modify the genetic blueprint of organisms, giving rise … Read more

Study of Cloning Vectors, Restriction Endonucleases, and DNA Ligase

November 5, 2025 by DeepakRajput

Introduction The field of genetic engineering and molecular biology has revolutionized the biological sciences, enabling scientists to manipulate genetic material for research, industrial, agricultural, and therapeutic applications. Central to this manipulation are three essential tools — cloning vectors, restriction endonucleases, and DNA ligase. Together, these molecular instruments form the backbone of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, … Read more

Microparticles: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

October 21, 2025 by DeepakRajput

Definition of Microparticles Microparticles are small, solid particles typically ranging from 1 to 1000 microns in diameter. These particles can be composed of a variety of materials such as polymers, lipids, proteins, or ceramics. Microparticles are often used in drug delivery systems, biomedical applications, and other industrial purposes. The core function of microparticles is to … Read more

Microcapsules: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

October 21, 2025 by DeepakRajput

Definition of Microcapsules Microcapsules are small, spherical particles that consist of a core material (typically an active ingredient like a drug, nutrient, or bioactive compound) surrounded by a protective shell or coating. The core material can be liquid, solid, or gas, and the shell is typically made from biocompatible materials, such as polymers, lipids, or … Read more

Microspheres: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

October 21, 2025 by DeepakRajput

Definition of Microspheres Microspheres are small, spherical particles typically ranging from 1 to 1000 microns in size. They are commonly used in drug delivery systems, diagnostics, and other pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Microspheres are made from various materials, including polymers, lipids, and ceramics. These particles can encapsulate active ingredients such as drugs, enzymes, or other … Read more

Microencapsulation: Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

October 21, 2025 by DeepakRajput

Microencapsulation is a process where active substances (such as drugs, nutrients, or bioactive compounds) are enclosed within a protective coating or shell, typically in the micron or sub-micron size range (1 to 1000 microns). The primary goal is to protect the active ingredient from environmental factors (e.g., light, moisture, air) or to control the release … Read more

Drug Distribution System in a Hospital

October 21, 2025 by DeepakRajput

1. Introduction A drug distribution system in a hospital is the organized process by which medications are procured, stored, prepared, and delivered to patients with the primary aim of ensuring rational, safe, and timely drug therapy. This system plays a central role in the hospital’s therapeutic and administrative activities. The hospital pharmacy serves as the … Read more

ISO 14000: Overview, Benefits, Elements, and Steps

October 21, 2025 by DeepakRajput

ISO 14000: Environmental Management Systems Overview of ISO 14000 The ISO 14000 series is a set of international standards and guidelines developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), specifically focused on environmental management systems (EMS). These standards provide a structured framework for organizations to systematically manage and improve their environmental performance. The primary aim … Read more

ISO 9000: Overview, Benefits, Elements, steps for registration

October 21, 2025 by DeepakRajput

ISO 9000 is a series of internationally recognized standards that have been developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to guide organizations in establishing and maintaining effective quality management systems (QMS). These standards are based on universally accepted principles of quality assurance and management. The ISO 9000 family aims to help organizations … Read more

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